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1.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 66(3): 263-267, Mar. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | SES-SP, LILACS | ID: biblio-1136213

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is an important cause of cardiovascular mortality, due mainly to hemodynamic instability. In these cases, the recommendation is to perform some reperfusion procedure, with systemic thrombolysis being the main therapy used. However, national data evaluating the efficacy and safety of thrombolysis are scarce. METHODS Retrospective analysis of a case series. We included 13 patients diagnosed with high-risk APE and 4 patients with intermediate-high risk from a single-center, who were treated with alteplase 100mg. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 55 years, most of them female (76.4%). Among the risk factors for VTE were immobilization (41.17%), contraceptive use (35.29%), cancer (17.63%), and previous history of DVT (11.76%). The most frequent clinical manifestations of APE were dyspnea (88.23%), hypoxia (82.35%), hypotension (82.35%), and tachycardia (64.70%). 82.35% of the patients had echocardiographic signs of right ventricular dysfunction, and 52.94% had increased troponin and BNP. Severe bleeding associated with thrombolysis occurred in 17.54% of cases. No patient died due to bleeding. There were 8 deaths from right ventricular failure (47%), 6 in the cases of patients presenting as high-risk APE (35.3%), and 2 in the cases of intermediate-high risk (11.8%). CONCLUSION Thrombolysis in patients with high-risk APE or intermediate-high risk had a severe bleeding rate of 17.6%. However, the high mortality of this population (47%) due to right ventricular failure justifies the use of this therapeutic modality.


RESUMO OBJETIVOS A embolia pulmonar aguda (EAP) é uma causa importante de mortalidade cardiovascular ao causar instabilidade hemodinâmica. Nesses casos, a recomendação é a realização de algum procedimento de reperfusão, sendo a trombólise sistêmica a principal terapia utilizada. No entanto, dados nacionais avaliando a eficácia e a segurança da trombólise são escassos. MÉTODO Análise retrospectiva de uma série de casos. Foram incluídos 13 pacientes com o diagnóstico de EAP de alto risco e quatro pacientes de risco intermediário-alto, de um único centro, e que foram tratados com alteplase 100 mg. RESULTADOS A média de idade dos pacientes foi 55 anos, sendo a maioria do gênero feminino (76,4%). Dos fatores de risco para TEV, estavam presentes a imobilização (41,17%), o uso de anticonceptivos (35,29%), câncer (17,63%) e história prévia de TVP (11,76%). As manifestações clínicas mais frequentes da EAP foram dispneia (88,23%), hipóxia (82,35%), hipotensão (82,35%) e taquicardia (64,70%); 82,35% dos pacientes apresentaram sinais ecocardiográficos de disfunção ventricular direita e 52,94% apresentaram aumento da troponina e BNP. Sangramento grave associado à trombólise ocorreu em 17,54% dos casos. Nenhum paciente faleceu em decorrência de sangramento. Houve oito mortes por insuficiência ventricular direita (47%): seis nos casos de paciente que se apresentaram como EAP de alto risco (35,3%) e duas nos casos de risco intermediário-alto (11,8%). CONCLUSÃO A trombólise nos pacientes com EAP de alto risco ou risco intermediário-alto apresentou uma taxa de sangramento grave de 17,6%. No entanto, a alta mortalidade dessa população (47%) por insuficiência ventricular direita justifica o uso desta modalidade terapêutica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Pulmonary Embolism/drug therapy , Thrombolytic Therapy/methods , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/drug therapy , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Antifibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Pulmonary Embolism/complications , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnostic imaging , Acute Disease , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/therapeutic use , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/complications , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/etiology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/mortality , Risk Assessment , Fibrinolytic Agents/adverse effects , Hemorrhage/chemically induced , Middle Aged , Antifibrinolytic Agents/adverse effects
2.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 31(6): 643-651, nov.- dez. 2018. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-979982

ABSTRACT

Sepsis remains the leading cause of mortality and critical illness worldwide. Myocardial dysfunction is one of the most clinically relevant manifestations of sepsis and results from a complex interaction among genetic, molecular, metabolic, and structural changes. Despite the prominence given to the occurrence of systolic dysfunction during sepsis, the association between diastolic dysfunction and mortality is controversial, while diastolic dysfunction and right ventricular dysfunction are identified as independent predictors of mortality in the most recent studies. Elevation of biomarkers during sepsis may result from several mechanisms, and although the role of the B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the N-terminal portion of its prohormone (NT-proBNP) as independent predictors of mortality is well defined, the same cannot be said about cardiac troponins due to conflicting results among currently available studies. The objective of the present review is to discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms of myocardial dysfunction induced by sepsis in adults and the role of echocardiography and cardiac biomarkers as tools for prognostic evaluation in this clinical setting


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Echocardiography/methods , Biomarkers , Sepsis/mortality , Prognosis , Calcium Channels , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Risk Factors , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/mortality , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/mortality , Adult
3.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 27(4): 333-339, out.-dez. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-770035

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de disfunção miocárdica e seu valor prognóstico em pacientes com sepse grave e choque séptico. Métodos: Pacientes sépticos adultos, admitidos em uma unidade de terapia intensiva, foram estudados de forma prospectiva por meio de ecocardiografia transtorácica dentro das primeiras 48 horas após sua admissão e, então, entre o sétimo e o décimo dias. As variáveis ecográficas de função biventricular, inclusive a relação E/e', foram comparadas entre sobreviventes e não sobreviventes. Resultados: Foi realizado um total de 99 ecocardiogramas (53 na admissão e 46 entre os dias 7 e 10) em 53 pacientes com média de idade de 74 anos (desvio padrão de 13 anos). Estava presente disfunção sistólica em 14 (26%); disfunção diastólica foi observada em 42 (83%) pacientes; e ambos os tipos de disfunção estavam presentes em 12 (23%) pacientes. A relação E/e', ou índice de disfunção diastólica, foi o melhor preditor de mortalidade hospitalar segundo a área sob a curva ROC (0,71) e se constituiu em um preditor independente do desfecho, conforme determinado pela análise multivariada (odds ratio - OR = 1,36 [1,05 - 1,76]; p = 0,02). Conclusão: Em pacientes sépticos admitidos em uma unidade de terapia intensiva, a disfunção sistólica determinada ecograficamente não se associa com aumento da mortalidade. Em contraste, a disfunção diastólica foi um preditor independente do desfecho.


ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of myocardial dysfunction and its prognostic value in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Methods: Adult septic patients admitted to an intensive care unit were prospectively studied using transthoracic echocardiography within the first 48 hours after admission and thereafter on the 7th-10th days. Echocardiographic variables of biventricular function, including the E/e' ratio, were compared between survivors and non-survivors. Results: A total of 99 echocardiograms (53 at admission and 46 between days 7 - 10) were performed on 53 patients with a mean age of 74 (SD 13) years. Systolic and diastolic dysfunction was present in 14 (26%) and 42 (83%) patients, respectively, and both types of dysfunction were present in 12 (23%) patients. The E/e' ratio, an index of diastolic dysfunction, was the best predictor of hospital mortality according to the area under the ROC curve (0.71) and was an independent predictor of outcome, as determined by multivariate analysis (OR = 1.36 [1.05 - 1.76], p = 0.02). Conclusion: In septic patients admitted to an intensive care unit, echocardiographic systolic dysfunction is not associated with increased mortality. In contrast, diastolic dysfunction is an independent predictor of outcome.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Shock, Septic/complications , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/etiology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiology , Sepsis/complications , Prognosis , Shock, Septic/mortality , Systole/physiology , Echocardiography , Prospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Hospital Mortality , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/physiopathology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/mortality , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/mortality , Sepsis/metabolism , Diastole/physiology , Intensive Care Units , Middle Aged
4.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 105(4): 399-409, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-764474

ABSTRACT

AbstractBackground:30-40% of cardiac resynchronization therapy cases do not achieve favorable outcomes.Objective:This study aimed to develop predictive models for the combined endpoint of cardiac death and transplantation (Tx) at different stages of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).Methods:Prospective observational study of 116 patients aged 64.8 ± 11.1 years, 68.1% of whom had functional class (FC) III and 31.9% had ambulatory class IV. Clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic variables were assessed by using Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier curves.Results:The cardiac mortality/Tx rate was 16.3% during the follow-up period of 34.0 ± 17.9 months. Prior to implantation, right ventricular dysfunction (RVD), ejection fraction < 25% and use of high doses of diuretics (HDD) increased the risk of cardiac death and Tx by 3.9-, 4.8-, and 5.9-fold, respectively. In the first year after CRT, RVD, HDD and hospitalization due to congestive heart failure increased the risk of death at hazard ratios of 3.5, 5.3, and 12.5, respectively. In the second year after CRT, RVD and FC III/IV were significant risk factors of mortality in the multivariate Cox model. The accuracy rates of the models were 84.6% at preimplantation, 93% in the first year after CRT, and 90.5% in the second year after CRT. The models were validated by bootstrapping.Conclusion:We developed predictive models of cardiac death and Tx at different stages of CRT based on the analysis of simple and easily obtainable clinical and echocardiographic variables. The models showed good accuracy and adjustment, were validated internally, and are useful in the selection, monitoring and counseling of patients indicated for CRT.


ResumoFundamento:A terapia de ressincronização cardíaca pode demonstrar resultados desfavoráveis em 30-40% dos casos.Objetivo:Este estudo teve por objetivo desenvolver modelos preditores para o desfecho combinado de morte cardíaca ou transplante (Tx) em diferentes estágios da terapia de ressincronização cardíaca (TRC).Métodos:Estudo prospectivo observacional de 116 pacientes com idade média de 64,8 ± 11,1 anos, dos quais 68,1% estavam em classe funcional (CF) III e 31,9% em classe IV ambulatorial. Variáveis clínicas, eletrocardiográficas e ecocardiográficas foram avaliadas com regressão de Cox e curvas de Kaplan-Meier.Resultados:O desfecho mortalidade/Tx cardíacos foi de 16,3% durante seguimento de 34,0 ± 17,9 meses. No período pré-implante, disfunção ventricular direita (DVD), fração de ejeção < 25% e uso de altas doses de diuréticos (ADD) aumentaram o risco de morte e Tx cardíacos em 3,9, 4,8 e 5,9 vezes, respectivamente. No primeiro ano após TRC, DVD, AHDD e hospitalização por insuficiência cardíaca congestiva elevaram o risco de morte (razões de risco de 3,5, 5,3 e 12,5, respectivamente). No segundo ano após TRC, DVD e CF III/IV foram fatores de risco significativos de mortalidade no modelo multivariado de Cox. As acurácias dos modelos foram 84,6% na pré-implante, 93% no primeiro ano após TRC e 90,5% no segundo ano após TRC. Os modelos foram validados por bootstrapping.Conclusão:Desenvolvemos modelos preditores de morte e Tx cardíacos em diferentes estágios de TRC com base na análise de variáveis clínicas e ecocardiográficas simples e de fácil obtenção. Os modelos mostraram boa acurácia e ajuste, foram validados internamente e são úteis para a seleção, o monitoramento e a orientação de pacientes indicados para TRC.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy/mortality , Heart Transplantation/statistics & numerical data , Risk Assessment/methods , Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices/statistics & numerical data , Echocardiography , Epidemiologic Methods , Heart Failure/mortality , Heart Failure/therapy , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/mortality , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/therapy
5.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 78(4): 369-378, Oct.-Dec. 2008.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-565637

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The objectives of the present investigation were to validate the prognostic role of a proposed Clinical Classification [CC], to evaluate the TIMI risk score [RS] and to establish whether the TIMI-RS should incorporate points for patients with acute right ventricular infarction [TIMI-RS-RVI]. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 523 RVI patients were classified on clinical and functional basis as: A, without right ventricular failure [RVF], B with RVF and C with cardiogenic shock. The CC was evaluated prospectively among 98 patients with RVI and retrospectively in 425 RVI patients. The TIMI-RS was evaluated prospectively among 622 patients with STEMI [anterior:277, inferior:247, RVI:98], and retrospectively in 425 RVI patients. The CC established differences among the 3-RVI Classes for in-hospital mortality [prospectively and retrospectively; p<0.01, p<0.001, respectively] that were maintained at 8 years [p < 0.001]. Patients with anterior and inferior STEMI, but not those with RVI revealed an association between outcome and TIMI-RS [p<0.001]. Testing for TIMI-RS-RVI did not result a good prognostic tool [ROC=0.9; excellent discrimination, but with a very poor [quot ]clinical calibration[quot ]]. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed CC allowed prediction of mortality at short- and long-term in the setting of acute RVI. The role of the TIMI-RS should be reevaluated prospectively as a prognostic tool in the scenario of RVI patients.


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Hospital Mortality , Myocardial Infarction , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right , Analysis of Variance , Myocardial Infarction , Myocardial Infarction/mortality , Myocardial Infarction , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Shock, Cardiogenic/mortality , Shock, Cardiogenic , Thrombolytic Therapy , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/mortality , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right
6.
São Paulo med. j ; 124(4): 186-191, July -Aug. 2006. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-437225

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: There is uncertainty regarding the risk of major complications in patients with left ventricular (LV) infarction complicated by right ventricular (RV) involvement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on hospital mortality and morbidity of right ventricular involvement among patients with acute left ventricular myocardial infarction. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cohort study, at Emergency Care Unit of Hospital Central da Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo. METHODS: 183 patients with acute myocardial infarction participated in this study: 145 with LV infarction alone and 38 with both LV and RV infarction. The presence of complications and hospital death were compared between groups. RESULTS: 21 percent of the patients studied had LV + RV infarction. In this group, involvement of the dorsal and/or inferior wall was predominant on electrocardiogram (p < 0.0001). The frequencies of Killip class IV upon admission and 24 hours later were greater in the LV + RV group, along with electrical and hemodynamic complications, among others, and death. The probability of complications among the LV + RV patients was 9.7 times greater (odds ratio, OR = 9.7468; 95 percent confidence interval, CI: 2.8673 to 33.1325; p < 0.0001) and probability of death was 5.1 times greater (OR = 5.13; 95 percent CI: 2.2795 to 11.5510; p = 0.0001), in relation to patients with LV infarction alone. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with LV infarction with RV involvement present increased risk of early morbidity and mortality.


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: O risco das principais complicações em pacientes com infarto do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) associado ao comprometimento do ventrículo direito (VD) ainda é incerto. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto do envolvimento do ventrículo direito na morbidade e na mortalidade hospitalar em pacientes com infarto agudo do ventrículo esquerdo. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo prospectivo de coorte, realizado no Serviço de Emergência do Hospital Central da Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 183 pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio: 145 com infarto do VE e 38 com infarto do VE associado ao VD (VE + VD). Foram comparados entre os grupos a presença das complicações e óbitos no período hospitalar. RESULTADOS: 21 por cento dos pacientes estudados apresentavam infarto VE + VD. Predominou o comprometimento da parede dorsal e/ou inferior (ECG) no grupo com VE + VD (p < 0.0001). A freqüência da classe IV de Killip no momento da admissão e 24 h após foi maior no grupo VE + VD, assim como as complicações elétricas, hemodinâmicas, entre outras, e óbitos. A probabilidade de complicações em pacientes com infarto VE + VD foi 9.7 vezes maior (odds ratio, OR = 9.7468; 95 por cento intervalo de confiança, IC 95 por cento 2.8673 a 33.1325; p < 0.0001) e de óbito 5.1 vezes superior (OR = 5.1313; 95 por cento IC 2.2795 a 11.5510; p = 0.0001) em relação aos pacientes com infarto isolado do VE. CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes com infarto VE com envolvimento do VD apresentam risco aumentado de morbidade e mortalidade precoces.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Hospital Mortality , Myocardial Infarction/mortality , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/complications , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Length of Stay , Myocardial Infarction/complications , Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/drug therapy , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/mortality , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/drug therapy , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/mortality
7.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 10(1): 41-9, jan.-fev. 2000.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-266116

ABSTRACT

Durante muitos anos, acreditou-se que o ventrículo-direito representasse um papel secundário na manutençäo de débito cardíaco e na hemodinâmica global. Estudos em modelo canino de tórax e pericárdio abertos falharam em demonstrar piora hemodinâmica após cauterizaçäo da parede livre de ventrículo direito. Hoje, todavia, é clara e definida a participaçäo do ventrículo direito na manutençäo do débito cardíaco, apesar das importantes diferenças anatômicas e fisiológicas em relaçäo ao ventrículo esquerdo. A insuficiência cardíaca direita pode resultar da evoluçäo tardia de um quadro de insuficiência cadíaca esquerda, ou ainda apresentar-se como quadro isolado decorrente de três situaçöes principais: disfunçäo isquêmica no infarto agudo do miocárdio de ventrículo direito, sobrecarga pressórica aguda nos casos de tromboembolismo pulmonar ou crônica nos casos de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, e sobrecarga volumétrica nos casos de comunicaçäo interatrial. A principal causa de insuficiência cardíaca direita é o infarto agudo do miocárdio de ventrículo direito. Discutimos aqui fatores anatômicos, fisiológicos, prognósticos e tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca direita associada a insuficiência cardíaca congestiva e infarto agudo do miocárdio de ventrículo direito.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Dogs , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/mortality , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Diagnosis , Infarction , Mortality , Prognosis
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